1. Introduction
      · Understanding Islam through Muslim Experiences
      · Swahili Places Visited for Research
      · The Reality of Spiritual Beings

2. Historical Study Of Swahili Identity
      · Introduction
      · Eurocentric Views of Swahili Origin
               · The Influences of Social Darwinism
               · Colonialist Approaches and External-Origin Theories
      · Arab-Origin Theories and the "Swahili"
      · Aftermath of Colonialism and the Swahili Nationalism
      · Shirazi Problems

3. The Origin Of Waswahili
      · Early Swahili Societies in Shungwaya
      · The Identity of Shirazi
      · The Identity of Waungwana
      · The Decline of Swahili Civilization and Identity Crisis
      · Seeking to Establish Self-Identity
      · The Waswahili: A Cultural Perspective

4. Indigenization Of Islam In The Swahili Cultural Context
      · Introduction
      · Conversion of Shungwaya Peoples to Islam
      · Religio-Cultural Expressions of Swahili-Islam
               · Diverse Aspects of Islamic Experiences
               · High and Low Aspects of Islam
               · Interior Components of Swahili Islam
               · Domain A: Integration of Dini and Mila
               · Domain B: Integration of Mila and Other Popular Practices
               · Domain C: Integration of Dini and Other PopularPractices
               · Domain D: Domain of Total Synthesis

5. Muslim Beliefs In Jinn
      · Introduction
      · The Origin of Beliefs in Jinn
               · Islamic Monotheism and Beliefs in Jinn
               · Philological Consideration of Belief in Jinn
      · Jinn in the Islamic Tradition
               · Jinn in the Qur'an
               · ShayaaTiin in the Qur'an
               · Jinn and shayaaTiin in the Hadith
      · Folk Beliefs and Experiences of Jinn

6. Swahili Spirits
      · Introduction
      · Swahili Terms for Jinn
      · The Muslim Jinn: Maruhani
      · The Jinn: Inherently Harmful Spirits
      · The Jinn for Sorcery: Majini ya Uchawi
      · African-Traditional Spirits: Mizimu ya Jadi
               · Common Meanings of Mzimu/Mizimu
               · Mzimu and Jadi
               · Swahili Conceptualization of Mzimu/Mizimu
               · Mizimu in Makunduchi, Zanzibar: Wamavua

7. Shamanism And Jinn-Possession Cults
      · Introduction
      · Shaman and Shamanism
               · Definitions of Shaman and Shamanism
               · Shamanism and Spirit Possession
      · Illness and Healing in Shamanism
               · Shamanic-Vocational Illness
               · The Motif of Healing Power in Shamanism
      · Muslim Shamanism and Jinn Possession
               · Official-Islamic Position on Spirit Possession
               · Swahili Shamanic Cases

8. The Swahili Therapeutic Ritual Of Spirit-Possession
      · Introduction
      · Divination and Spirit Possession
      · Prescribing Spiritual Medicine (Dawa)
               · Talasimu
               · Kombe
               · Kisomo cha Korani and Zinguo
               · Maulidi Ya Hom and Dhikri
               · Incense
               · Tambiko
               · Kafara
      · Kilinge (Ritual Place)
      · Meaning of Ngoma ya Kupunga Majini/Masheitani
      · A Performance of Ngoma ya Kupunga Majini/Masheitani
               · The Mteja
               · Zinguo: Tambiko, Kisomo, and Jinn
               · Ngoma and Manifestation of Jinn (Majini Hupanda Kichwani)
               · Interactoion with Jinn and Child Dedication
               · Concluding the Ritual

9. Swahili Experience Of Jinn-Possession
      · Introduction
      · Defining Spirit Possession from an Emic Perspective
      · Spirit Possession and Physical Pains
      · Spirit Possession and Emotions
      · Aftermath of the Therapy
      · "Normality" of Spirit Possession
      · Centrality versus Peripherality of the Therapy of jinn-Possession
      · Adorcism, not Exorcism

10. Conclusion
      · Swahili-Islam as an African Expression of Islam
      · Therapeutic Cults as Crucial Components
      · An Anthropological Approach to Islam
      · Suggestions for Further Studies

Bibliography